摘要

张衍

共同富裕是消除两极分化和贫穷基础上的普遍富裕，它与民众的结果公平感和机会公平感密切相关。本研究采用2022年中国社会心态调查数据，分析了民众的结果公平感和机会公平感（分为向上流动机会感知和向下流动机会感知）及其与共同富裕信心的关系。结果发现，民众的结果公平感、机会公平感均较高，相比2020年，2022年民众的结果公平感和向上流动机会感知均有所上升，但向下流动机会感知下降，在公平感上更接近共同富裕希望实现的社会形态。不同群体在公平感上有所差异，各有特点，但是需要特别关注长期居住在农村的居民的公平感，他们的结果公平感和机会公平感均较低。通过将结果公平感、向上流动机会感知和向下流动机会感知进行2×2×2的构建，本研究还梳理了公平感的8种形态及其所反映的社会形态，并且发现结果公平感和向上流动机会感知高，但向下流动机会感知低的群体对共同富裕的信心是最高的。除此之外，本研究发现，结果公平感对共同富裕信心的预测力最强，当结果公平感高时，向上流动机会感知对共同富裕信心的预测力不显著，但是当结果公平感低时，向上流动机会感知越高的群体对共同富裕的信心越高。综上所述，提高民众共同富裕信心的关键在于保障结果公平、打通向上流动的渠道和避免向下流动。

Abstract

Common prosperity is the universal prosperity based on eliminating polarization and poverty，which is closely related to the people’s sense of outcome opportunity fairness. Based on the data of the 2022 Chinese Social Mentality Survey，this study analyzed Chinese people’s perception of outcome and opportunity fairness（further divided into the perception of upward mobility opportunity and the perception of downward mobility opportunity）and their relationship with the confidence towards common prosperity. Results showed that Chinese people’s sense of outcome and opportunity fairness were high. Compared with fairness in 2020，Chinese people’s outcome fairness and perception of upward mobility opportunity were higher，but the perceived downward mobility opportunity was lower. In other words，Chinese people’s sense of fairness was changing in the direction to the social form of common prosperity. Different groups differed in the sense of fairness and had their own characteristics，but special attention should be paid to the sense of fairness of rural residents，whose sense of outcome and opportunity fairness opportunity was low. Through a 2×2×2 construction of the sense of outcome fairness，the perceived upward mobility opportunity and the perceived downward mobility opportunity，this study sorted out eight forms of the perceived fairness and the social forms they reflected，and found out that the groups with high perceived outcome fairness and upward mobility opportunity but low downward mobility opportunity had the highest confidence in common prosperity. In addition，the study found that the perceived outcome fairness had the strongest prediction on the confidence in common prosperity. When the perceived outcome fairness was high，the perceived upward mobility opportunity had no significant prediction on the confidence in common prosperity. However，when the perceived outcome fairness was low，the groups with the higher perceived upward mobility opportunity had higher confidence in common prosperity. In conclusion，the key to enhancing people’s confidence in common prosperity is to ensure outcome fairness，provide opportunities for upward mobility and avoid downward mobility.