摘要

张静

本研究通过对2022年中国社会心态调查数据的分析，总结了民众在社会价值观和经济价值观两个方面的特点，并进一步探究了不同人口学变量和主观社会阶层对社会价值观和经济价值观的不同影响。研究结果发现：在社会价值观方面，民众对家庭的重要性评价最高，且分歧相对最小。其次是工作、朋友、休闲时间、政治，对宗教的重要性评价最低。在经济价值观方面，关于收入差距容忍度，民众倾向于“加大收入差距，以鼓励个人努力工作”，但不同民众的观念分歧相对较大；在经济所有制方面，民众倾向于“国有经济成分应该扩大”，且分歧相对最小；在经济责任归属方面，民众更倾向于“个人应承担更多的责任来养活自己”；在对竞争的看法方面，民众更倾向于“竞争是有利的”。性别、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、户籍状况、收入状况和主观社会阶层等因素对社会价值观和经济价值观存在显著影响，且影响程度有所不同。

Abstract

Through the analysis of the data of the 2022 China Social Mentality Survey，this study discusses the characteristics of people in terms of social and economic values，and further explores the different influences of different demographic variables and subjective social classes on social and economic values. The results of the study found that in terms of social values，people rated the importance of family the highest and had the least differences. This is followed by work，friends，leisure time，politics，and religion being the least important. In terms of economic values，regarding income disparity tolerance，people tend to “widen the income gap to encourage individuals to work hard”，but different people have the greatest difference in understanding；In terms of economic ownership，the people tend that “the state-owned economic sector should be expanded”，and the differences are relatively minimal；In terms of economic responsibility，people are more inclined to “individuals should take more responsibility to support themselves”；In terms of perception of competition，people are more inclined to “competition is favorable”. Factors such as gender，age，education，marital status，household registration status，income and subjective social class have a significant and varying degree of influence on social and economic values.