摘要

张跃

阶层系统合理信念反映人们对社会阶层系统公正性、合理性、正当性的感知，以及相应的支持和维护社会分层系统的态度。本报告基于2022年中国社会心态调查数据库，考察了民众阶层系统合理信念的现状及其人口学差异，检验了主客观社会阶层对阶层系统合理信念的影响，并基于“共时态”与“历时态”双重视角，分析了其城乡差异。结果表明：①当前民众阶层系统合理信念处于中等偏上水平，其中机会合理性维度得分高于分配合理性维度；②青年人群和老年人群的阶层系统合理信念相对偏低，应着力提升青年人群对机会合理性的认知与预期，更加关注老年人群对分配合理性的要求；③主、客观低阶层者阶层系统合理信念均较低，应关注中低收入、小学及以下学历和大学专科学历等重点人群在机会合理性方面的诉求；④城市低阶层民众的阶层系统合理信念偏低，在缩小城乡差距、统筹城乡发展方面进一步发力的同时，也要对城市弱势人群给予更多关注，为其提供更多发展机会。

Abstract

The class system justifying belief reflects people’s perception of the fairness，legitimacy，and justifiability of，as well as the corresponding supportive attitudes to the class system. Based on the Chinese Social Mentality Survey（2022）database，the current research focused on the effects of subjective and objective social class on the class system justifying belief. Besides，we also examined the role of Hukou based on synchronic and diachronic perspectives. The results suggested that：（1）The class system justifying belief was strong among individuals，with an above medium level. （2）Young people and old people reported relatively low belief in class system justification. Thus we should focus on improving young people’s cognition and expectation of the rationality of opportunity，and pay more attention to the elderly people’s requirements for the rationality of distribution. （3）Lower-class individuals reported weak belief in class system justification. Attention should be paid to the appeals in terms of opportunity rationality of key groups，such as individuals with low- and middle-income，primary school education and below，as well as junior college education. （4）The class system justifying belief was weak among urban lower-class individuals. While making greater efforts to narrow the urban-rural gap and balance urban and rural development，we should also pay more attention to the disadvantaged groups in cities and provide them with more development opportunities.