摘要

谭旭运 刘娅萱

公益慈善等第三次分配方式是改善收入和财富分配格局，实现共同富裕的重要途径，本报告基于2022年中国社会心态调查数据库，分析民众当前慈善意愿、慈善行为的基本情况及其影响因素。结果发现，民众的慈善意愿较高，在弘扬传统文化、应急救难和创新科研方面尤其突出，慈善行为频率处于中等偏下水平。女性慈善意愿显著高于男性，但慈善行为更少；同年龄群体的慈善意愿和行为也呈现不同变化趋势。总体上受教育程度、收入、阶层认同越高，慈善意愿和行为越高，同时部分低收入群体、受捐助者、外地农村户口人群以及健康状况较差的群体也有较高的慈善意愿。未来需要进一步更新慈善理念，畅通民众慈善参与渠道，逐步形成“人人心怀慈善、人人参与慈善”的慈善文化氛围，促进财富分配公平正义。Abstract

The third distribution such as public welfare and charity is an important way to improve the distribution pattern of income and wealth and achieve common prosperity. Based on the data of the Chinese Social Mentality Survey（2022），this report analyzed the current public’s situation of charitable willingness and behaviors and their influencing factors. The results found that the public’s charitable intention is higher，especially in promoting traditional culture，carrying out emergency rescue and innovative scientific research，while the frequency of charitable behavior is at the lower-middle level. Women’s charitable intention is significantly higher than men’s，but there are fewer charitable behaviors；the charitable intentions and behaviors of the same age groups also show different trends. In general，the higher the education，income，and class identity，the higher the charitable willingness and more charitable behaviors. Meanwhile，some low-income groups，donors，people with household registration in rural areas，and groups with poor health also have higher charitable intention. In future，it is necessary to further update the concept of charity，smooth the channels for people to participate in charity，and gradually form a charitable cultural atmosphere of “everyone cherishes charity and everyone participates in charity”，help poverty reduction and promote fair and just distribution of wealth.